สำหรับคำกริยาที่จะนำมาใช้ในประโยค Passive Voice ต้องเป็นคำกริยาที่มีกรรมเท่านั้น เพราะคำแปลจะต้องมีคำว่า ใครหรืออะไร ถูกทำอะไรเสมอ ส่วนคำว่า by ที่แปลว่าโดย บางครั้งอาจจะมีหรือไม่มีก็ได้ ขึ้นอยู่กับผู้พูด และบางประโยคไม่ต้องมีเลยก็ได้ เช่น
A fish was eaten. ปลาถูกกินไปแล้ว ประโยคนี้ต้องการสื่อแค่ว่าปลาถูกกิน ส่วนอะไรกินปลานั้นไม่สน
A fish was eaten by a cat. ปลาถูกกินไปแล้วโดยแมวตัวหนึ่ง ประโยคนี้เป็นการสื่อความแบบสมบูรณ์
Mr. Tom was arrested yesterday. นายทอมถูกจับกุมเมื่อวานนี้ ประโยคนี้ไม่ต้องใช้ by เพราะรู้อยู่แล้วว่าคนที่จับกุมคือเจ้าหน้าที่ตำรวจ
My watch was stolen last night. นาฬิกาของฉันถูกโขมยเมื่อคืน ประโยคนี้ก็ไม่ต้องบอกก็ได้ว่าใคร เพราะรู้อยู่แล้วว่าเป็นโจรย่องเบาแน่นอน
Present Tense
- Present Simple Tense (ใช้บ่อย)
Rice is eaten by me. ข้าวถูกกินโดยฉัน - Present Continuous Tense (ใช้ไม่บ่อยเท่าไหร่หรอก)
Rice is being eaten by me. ข้าวกำลังถูกกินโดยฉัน - Present Perfect Tense (นานๆเห็นที)
Rice has been eaten by me. ข้าวถูกกินแล้วโดยฉัน - Present Perfect Continuous Tense (ไม่ต้องใช้ก็ได้)
Rice has been being eaten by me. ข้าวกำลังถูกกินแล้วโดยฉัน
Past Tense
- Past Simple Tense (ใช้บ่อยเหมือนกัน)
Rice was eaten by me. ข้าวได้ถูกกินโดยฉัน - Past Continuous Tense (ไม่ค่อยจะเห็นเลย)
Rice was being eaten by me. ข้าวได้ถูกกำลังกินโดยฉัน - Past Perfect Tense (ไม่ค่อยจะเห็นอีกแหละ)
Rice had been eaten by me. ข้าวได้ถูกกินแล้วโดยฉัน - Past Perfect Continuous Tense (ไม่ต้องใช้ก็ได้)
Rice had been being eaten by me. ข้าวได้กำลังถูกกินแล้วโดยฉัน
Future Tense
- Future Simple Tense (ใช้บ่อยเหมือนกัน)
Rice will be eaten by me. ข้าวจะถูกกินโดยฉัน - Future Continuous Tense (ไม่ต้องใช้ก็น่าจะได้)
Rice will be being eaten by me. ข้าวจะกำลังถูกกินโดยฉัน - Future Perfect Tense (ไม่ต้องใช้ก็ได้นะ)
Rice will have been eaten by me. ข้าวจะถูกกินแล้วโดยฉัน - Future Perfect Continuous Tense (ไม่ต้องใช้เลยก็ได้)
Rice will have been being eaten by me. ข้าวจะกำลังถูกกินแล้วโดยฉัน
อย่างไรก็ดี หลักโดยละเอียดในการเปลี่ยน Active Voice ให้เป็น Passive Voice นั้น ให้ศึกษาจาก
ตารางดังต่อไปนี้
ตารางดังต่อไปนี้
1. ใน tense ต่างๆ
Active Voice
|
Passive Voice
|
1. Presente Simple
- The teacher punishes the boy. - Do you always laugh at him? |
is , am, are + V3
- The boy is punished by the teacher. - Is he always laughed at by you? |
2. Present Continuous
- The painters are painting our house. - Are the students doing the exercises? | is, am, are + being + V3 - Our house is being painted by the painters. - Are the exercises being done by the students? |
3. Present Perfect
- They have built a new hotel. - Has the boy caught a bird? | has, have + been + V3 - A new hotel has been built by them. - Has a bird been caught by the boy? |
* Present Perfect Cintinuous
- Trenton Company has been making bikes since 1960. | has,have + been + being +V3 - Bikes have been being made by Trenton Company since 1960. |
4. Past Simple
- My sister wrote a letter. - Did the servant polish Tom's shoes? | was , were + V3 - A letter was written by my sister. - Were Tom's shoes polished by the servant? |
5. Past Continuous
- While John was introducing me, the telephone rang. - Weren't they digging this hole when you went past yesterday? | was , were + being + V3 -While I was being introducing by John, the telephone rang. - Wasn't this hole being dug by them when you went past yesterday? |
6. Past Perfect
- Theguests had eaten all the food. - Had he seen you before? | had + been + V3- All the food had been eaten by the guests. - Had you been seen by him before? |
* Past Perfect Continuous
- Mr. Trevor had been teaching English in Jamiaca for many years before he moved to Thailand. | had + been + being + V3 - English had been being taught by Mr.Trevor in jamaica for many years before he moved to thailand. |
7. Future Simple
- His mother will beat him if he does that again. - Will Mary invite Jack to her party? | will + be + V3 - He will be beaten by his mother if he does that again. - Will Jack be invited by Mary to her party? |
8. "going to" future
- They are going to widen the bridge. - Is she going to open the shop? | is,am, are +going to + be + V3- The bridge is going to be widened by them. - Is the shop going to be opened ? |
9. Future Continuous
- They will be mowing the grass at two o'clock tomorrow. | will be + being + V3 - The grass will be ebing mown at two o'clock tomorrow by them. |
| 10. Future Perfect - By next March the pupils will have taken the examination. - Will she have announced the resutls by the end of next month? | will have + been + V3 - By next March the examination will have been taken by the pupils. - Will the results have been announced by her by the end of next month? |
| **Future perfect Continuous - By next year they'll have been building that road for a year. | will have been being + V3 - By next year that raod will have been being built by them for a year. |
2. ใน verb form ต่างๆ คือ
verb form
|
Active Voice
|
Passive Voice
|
| Infinitive | to write | to be written |
| Perfect Infinitive | to have written | to have neen written |
| Present Participle | writing | being written |
| Past Participle | written | been written |
คำที่ไม่สามารถทำให้เป็นประโยค Passive Voice ได้ 1. Intransitive Verb คือคำกริยาที่ไม่ต้องการกรรม เช่น - They go to school every day. - She swims wuite well. 2. Transitive Verb บางคำ เช่น - Dang had his breakfast. (His breakfast was had by Dang. = wrong) 3. Verb of Incomplete คือกริยาซึ่งไม่สมบูรณ์ เช่น - She became queen. (A queen was become by her. = wrong) (เพราะ queen ในประโยคแรกเป็น complement ไม่ใช่ object)
-thank you-
Mrs.Marisa Yu M.6/5 No.12
